Should I be consuming excess calories only on the days that I am lifting weights or even on the following days when I am sore? I am usually really sore 2 days after lifting, and kind of sore on the day after and 3 days after lifting. I don't want to be consuming excess if it's not going to be stored as muscle. Also, is it possible to actually get too much protein (or too many of your overal calories from protein, even if you are consuming a reasonable amount of total calories?)

This may help. If post workout you are eating a whole food meal about an hour after then thats a little too late in terms of expediant recovery. I would recommend taking a whey protien custom made shake that has 1 scoop protien and maybe 1/2 cup-3/4 cups of simple sugars like dextrose and maltodextrin this will refuel your glyocgen within an hour helping Speed up recovery.

As far as days your not working out calories a bit over maintance level will help promote growth as long as the meals are spaced evenly throughout the day. To help lower any possible fat gain on your last few meals have them be protien and fat based such as tuna with olive oil and broccoli since an ease back on carbs at night on off days will help lower fat gain but improve recovery.

As far as too much protien i myself aim for at miniumum 1.5grams per pound of bodyweight. I currently weigh a meager 175 at 5'11 so i try to get at least 250grams but on workout days it shoots to maybe as high as 300+. Extra protien as long as its not in a huge excess at a meal such as more then 60-70 is perfectly fine for a person lifting wegihts.

One suggestion would be if possible try doing some kind of cardio 1-2 times a week such as interval running or pushing your car in your front street or sprints jsut to help curb any fat gain while your trying to gain your size.